Obesity Essays - Obesity, Body Shape, Bariatrics, Human Weight

Stoutness Stoutness additionally called CORPULENCE, or FATNESS, over the top aggregation of muscle versus fat, normally brought about by the utilization of a bigger number of calories than the body can utilize. The overabundance calories are then put away as fat, or fat tissue. Overweight, if moderate, isn't really heftiness, especially in strong or huge boned people. When all is said in done, be that as it may, a body weight 20 percent or increasingly over the ideal will in general be related with stoutness. The body's capacity to change food admission to body needs can be upset by various variables. Of these, hormone irregular characteristics and glandular deformities are accepted to be of least significance, being self evident in just session 5 percent of every single large person. In spite of the fact that stoutness might be familial, reminiscent of a hereditary inclination to fat amassing, there is likewise proof that early taking care of examples forced by the corpulent mother upon her posterity may assume a significant job in a social, as opposed to hereditary, transmission of heftiness starting with one age then onto the next. All the more by and large, the unmistakable lifestyle of a country and the person's conduct and enthusiastic response to it might contribute essentially to boundless stoutness. Among the well-to-do populaces, a copious gracefully of promptly accessible unhealthy nourishments and refreshments, coupled with progressively stationary living propensities that uniquely decrease caloric necessities, can without much of a stretch lead to gorging. The anxieties and pressures of current liv! ing likewise cause a few people to go to nourishments and mixed beverages for help. Corpulence might be unwanted from a tasteful sense, particularly in parts of the reality where slimness is the famous inclination; it is likewise a genuine clinical issue. For the most part, hefty people have a shorter life anticipation; they endure prior, all the more regularly, and all the more seriously from countless sicknesses than do their typical weight partners. They are likewise bound to kick the bucket rashly of degenerative illnesses of the heart, supply routes, and kidneys. More kick the bucket of mishaps and diabetes, and more comprise poor careful dangers than people with ordinary weight. Emotional well-being is likewise influenced; social outcomes of a stout appearance, extending from timidity and withdrawal to excessively intense mythical being- declaration, might be established in mental issues and psychoses. The treatment of stoutness has two fundamental goals: evacuation of the causative elements, which might be troublesome in the event that the causes are of enthusiastic or mental cause; and evacuation of surplus fat by lessening food admission. Come back to ordinary body weight by lessening calorie admission is best done under clinical watch. Dietary trends and diminishing slims down that produce speedy outcomes without exertion are of dubious viability in lessening body weight and holding it down, and most are really pernicious to wellbeing. (See slimming down.) Weight is to be recognized from overweight brought about by edema (abundance maintenance of liquids) coming from different maladies.

The Hangi Essays - Physics, Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics

The Hangi How does the development of the Hangi cook the food with it? Presentation: The Hangi is a customary Maori technique for preparing food. Food from a Hangi is cooked underground by super hot volcanic shakes and steam, which consolidates onto the food, in this manner cooking it. To make a hangi , a heap of wood is lit under the ground, warming up the light and simple to warm volcanic stone super hot. In present day Hangi , wire bushels loaded up with food are put inside the ground alongside the volcanic shakes and secured with a wet material and soil uncovered from the beginning. The hot steam made underground with the food has no other method of getting away, so it consolidated onto the food, moving its warmth onto it. Following 3 hours, the food ought to be totally cooked. Passage 1: Construction of Modern and Traditional Hangi Prior to the Introduction of metals and wire, the Maori just had Hangi to prepare their food. In customary Hangi , the food is spread out onto bark, enormous leaves, clean sticks, huge leaves and different sorts of vegetation. These techniques convey an entire scope of employments including keeping the food clean, decrease consuming, and to keep direct contact with the super-warmed rocks to a flat out least. A few clans utilized a cut wooden bowl called Kono to prepare food by setting their food inside, at that point putting hot shakes on a fluid base to warm up the fluid, in this way preparing the food within it. The customary Hangi prepared an assortment of food, for example, fish, fowls, other land creatures, and vegetable leaves, for example, Puha , Kokihi and Kohetake . This strategy for preparing food was not anyway basically utilized for preparing food yet additionally preferred by Tohunga (Expert Practitioners) for making medications and cures by warming up leaves, bark and other natural issue. The presentation of cooking vessels, for example, pots and dish finished the day by day utilization of Hangi to prepare food. This is on the grounds that Hangi take a ton of time, arrangement and intending to go into it, while the utilization of a pot or skillet can make that procedure much faster.In current Hangi , the leaves that were utilized are probably going to be subbed with aluminum foil and metal containers made of wire. The bushels arranged with food wrapped with aluminum foil are deliberately positioned inside the stones, with cabbage leaves on the base of the bin to forestall the bin and aluminum foil from consuming. The food is then secured on the top with a wet material, at that point splashed with water to make additional steam for the Hangi to cook on. At that point a hill of Earth is put on the Hangi is a way which traps the steam and warmth from getting away. The food is then cooked and prepared to eat in 3 to 4 hours. The cutting edge Hangi , as I would like to think, is better that the conventional Hangi for various reasons. Right off the bat, the conventional Hangi utilizes material they find in the shrubbery, for example, leaves, bark and sticks to put their food over. This may be a wellbeing risk to the individuals that eat the food as earth and different flotsam and jetsam, for example, debris from consuming items like wood, or the soil figuring out how to get into and sully the food. Additionally, individuals may get consume really taking shape of the fire, particularly in the hot conditions inside and close to the Hangi . An advanced Hangi Machine is accessible for buy and it is an a lot more secure approach to prepare food. With this Hangi machine, you can cook kai effectively, with less readiness and peril. In any case, I accept the Hangi Machine sabotages the entire customary cooking some portion of the Hangi . Passage 2: Types of Heat Transfer and Open and Closed Systems Fluids and Gases grow when they are warmed. This is on the grounds that the particles in the fluids and gases vibrate quicker and quicker as they get more sultry, making them move. They likewise lose vitality when they are cooler, easing back the vibration of the particles down, which makes the particles more slow than when the fluid and gases are

Stop Buying Crap, and Companies Will Stop Making Crap

Stop Buying Crap, and Companies Will Stop Making Crap We live in a highly capitalistic and materialistic society where we have been convinced that the key to a happy life lies in accumulating stuff.We are constantly being bombarded with advertisements, and shopping has been made so convenient that you can buy something from across the world with a few clicks from the comfort of your bedroom.The result of this mental conditioning is that many of us today find pleasure in buying and hoarding a lot of crap we don’t need.We buy toys that our kids only play with a couple of times, sporting equipment that remains in the closet the whole year, clothes that we never wear, trendy electronic gadgets that become outdated a year down the line, and so on.Don’t believe me?Check out the statistics below:The average American house contains over 300,000 items! Yes, you read that right.About 10% of households in America are paying for self-storage units to store their excess stuff.The average American home has almost tripled in size over the last cou ple of decades.The average person spends about 12 days every year trying to find things they can’t find among all their stuff.These statistics show how much consumerism and the need to buy stuff we don’t need has become ingrained in our society.And here is the sad thing: not only does buying all this crap lead to wastage of money, it also creates a ton of waste that contributes to environmental pollution. In addition, the production of all these useless items leads to an increase in greenhouse emissions.Apart from increasing the amount of waste we produce and increasing greenhouse emissions, some products are plain useless.For instance, a guy named Gary Dahl came up with the brilliant idea of selling pet rocks, complete with a USB cable to connect the rock to your computer, though it really didn’t do anything. You’d think that no one would be dumb enough to buy something like this.However, people bought the pet rocks by the thousands, eventually making Dahl more than a milli on dollars.Another similar product is the “I Am Rich” iOS app, which could be bought for $999 on the iTunes store. The app did not have any practical function. Its sole purpose was to show that whoever downloaded the app was rich enough to waste their money on the app.Oh, you could also use the app to brag to your friends about how much money you had.Though it was removed from the app store, a couple of people had already downloaded it. You can check out some other useless products here.So, why do “entrepreneurs” and companies make such products?Here’s the thing.The companies producing all this crap do not really care about the increase in amount of waste or emission of greenhouse gasses, or whether you get to use their products at all. What they care about is profits.So long as we continue buying stuff we don’t actually need, they will continue producing more stuff and spending hundreds of billions in advertisement to convince us why we should buy whatever they produce. What a lot of consumers don’t realize is that they have the power to make an impact on what companies produce.Through your purchase decisions as a consumer, you have the power to not only stop companies from producing crap, but also to influence and drive changes in how goods are produced and brought to market.In other words, if consumers stop spending their money on the wrong things, companies will be forced to adapt and start producing the right things.Below are some ways through which consumers can change their buying habits and therefore force companies to stop producing useless crap, thereby helping reduce the amount of waste and emissions produced, and save themselves some money as well.GO FOR HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTSThere is no better definition of crap than low quality products.You’d think that no worthwhile company would produce low quality products, yet such products continue to flood the market.This is because consumers â€" people like you and me â€" keep buying these pr oducts.The most surefire way of getting crappy, low quality products off the market is to stop buying them. A good example of this is what happened to Ivanka Trump’s fashion brand.A number of explanations have been put forth to try and explain why Ivanka Trump’s fashion line fell.However, probably the biggest reason as to why it fell can be attributed to the boycott on its products. Some investigators had already made claims that there were some human rights violations in the brand’s supply chain, including workers being forced to work 57 hours a week while getting paid below minimum wage.This, plus outrage against her father Donald Trump led to the Grab Your Wallet campaign, which urged women to stop buying from any retailers that stocked products from her brand.In addition, there were complaints that the brand’s products were crappy, poorly designed, and made from low quality materials.As more and more women started avoiding products associated with the Ivanka Trump fashio n line, sales continued plummeting, with one source claiming that the sales of the brand’s products on Amazon, Zappos, Bloomingdales and Macy’s fell by over 50% within one year.Eventually, Ivanka Trump had no other choice but to shut down her fashion line.This shows how powerful consumers can be when it comes to getting companies to stop producing crappy products, and all they need to do is to stop buying.ASK YOURSELF IF YOU REALLY NEED ITLike I mentioned, advertisement is meant to convince us why we cannot live without something we do not actually need.You could be watching TV one day and an ad comes up about some new gadget that solves this problem you never even thought you had, and so you decide to give it a try.You go ahead and buy it, only to realize that it doesn’t work as advertised, and therefore, you end up relegating it onto some dark corner of your shelf.You don’t want to throw it away because of the money you have spent on it.If you look around your house, you w ill probably come across lots of stuff that you bought but never use. The same applies to many other people.So, if we don’t even use this stuff, why do companies keep producing the stuff?Well, they do because they know that they can convince you to buy.Once you hand over your dollars to them, they don’t actually care whether you end up using the stuff or not. But if we stopped buying, they would stop producing the stuff.To avoid this, you should get in the habit of evaluating the reason behind every purchase. Why are you actually buying the item? Do you really need it, or are you simply buying because it looked cool in an ad? Will purchasing it add any value to your life? Are you buying it because society makes you think you need the item? Are you buying so as to gain some sort of social status, even if you don’t really need the item?Asking yourself these questions will prevent you from buying lots of useless stuff that you don’t need.If most of us asked ourselves these ques tions, we would stop buying a lot of the useless crap in the supermarkets today, and companies would be forced to stop producing this stuff.DO YOUR RESEARCHThere are a lot of crappy products in the market, but why do people keep buying them?The problem is that most people do not actually know that the products are crappy before buying them.Here’s what normally happens when someone feels that they need something.A lot people simply go ahead and purchase whatever it is that they think they need.Only after they have made the purchase do they realize that the product does not work as they expected, or that it doesn’t solve the problem they had.So they end up with a useless product, but since the company is making sales, it keeps producing more crappy products.To avoid this, you should get in the habit of doing some research before making a purchase.Find out the features of the product, the material it is made from, its pros and cons, and so on.Search for the product online and find the reviews of other people who have bought the same item. What are they saying about it? Does it work as expected? Are others having some problems with the product?If everyone made this a habit, crappy, low quality products would gradually experience a decline in sales, and eventually, the companies behind them would be forced to abandon the products and start making better products.LIMIT YOUR EXPOSURE TO ADVERTISEMENTSModern marketers have taken advertising to a whole new level today.Today, most people spend a lot of time online. According to a report by We Are Social and Hootsuite, the average person spends about 6 hours and 42 minutes on the internet every single day.Over the course of a whole year, this equates to more 100 days, almost a third of the whole year. Source: TheNextWeb.comWhenever you go online, you leave behind a treasure trove of data about yourself. What you like, where you live, what you might be shopping for, and so on.Marketers use this data to target you with ads for things they know you might be easily convinced to buy.Aside from that, most of us are bombarded with newsletters and email advertisements in our box giving us discounts and offers to products we have considered buying and products we have never even heard of.The same thing happens when you visit malls and shopping centers.Advertising is so commonplace that it is estimated that the average American sees between 4000 and 10,000 advertisements from the time they wake up to the time they go to sleep, every single day.With exposure to so many advertisements, it is inevitable that you will end up getting to convinced to buy some crap you don’t need.The key to avoiding this is to limit your exposure to advertising.There are a number of ways in which you can do this . These include:Use alternative, privacy focused search engines that do not collect your data or use this data to target you with ads.Avoid spending a lot of time in malls and shopping centers, since they are full of advertising whose sole aim is to entice you to walk into the shops and purchase stuff, whether you actually need it or not. Instead, find other places to hang out and have fun where the main activity is not shopping.Unsubscribe from newsletters and store emails.Once you do this, you will reduce the pressure and temptation to buy stuff you don’t actually need.STOP BUYING THINGS BECAUSE THEY ARE ON SALESales and offers are one of the most effective ways of getting people to buy stuff.Ever walked into a store to buy some milk, but then you saw that some product was on sale and you ended up buying it? To make matters worse, you have probably never used the product after buying.To avoid buying useless things that you don’t need, you should stop buying things simply becau se they are on sale.Sales are only meant to tap into your psychological responses to convince to purchase things, not because you actually need them, but because you think you are getting a bargain.But think about it… is it really a bargain when you buy something that you don’t need?WAIT 48 HOURS BEFORE BUYINGAnother factor that contributes to people buying useless crap they do not need is impulse buying.A lot of people walk into a store to buy one thing, they see something else they had no plans of buying and end up buying this thing they never planned on buying on the spur of the moment.Of course, if you are in the habit of buying things in the spur of the moment, you will end up buying a lot of useless stuff you do not need.The most effective way of preventing impulse buying is to get in the habit of giving yourself a 48 hour grace period before buying anything. If you see something that you feel like you want to buy, give yourself 48 hours before going ahead with the purchas e.Waiting for 48 hours before making a purchase has one main advantage.During this 48 hour grace period, you are giving yourself time for the excitement you had about the project to die down. Without the spur of the moment excitement, you can now think objectively about the product and decide whether it is something you actually need.If you still decide to go ahead with the purchase after 48 hours, then it shows that it is something that is important to you. For bigger purchases (for instance those exceeding $1000), you can wait about two weeks before making the purchase.Aside from giving yourself a 48 hour grace period before making a purchase, you should also get in the habit of preparing a list of what you want to buy before you go shopping.Once you have the list, avoid buying anything that is not in the list.This way, you will avoid the temptation to purchase needless crap impulsively.OPT FOR ETHICAL AND ECO-FRIENDLY PRODUCTSWhile more companies have become socially and environm entally conscious today, there are still some companies whose production processes and practices are still not ethical or environmentally friendly.Unfortunately, these companies continue employing such production practices because we are buying their products.Sure, activists might lobby governments to ban some practices, but ultimately, the most effective way of getting such companies to abandon these practices is to protest with our wallets and stop purchasing their products.Changes in consumer purchasing behavior has already proven to be very effective.For instance, at one point, McDonald’s was making their meals with chicken raised using antibiotics.Unfortunately, there were concerns that using chicken raised with antibiotics was making some human infections to become resistant to antibiotics, something that was contributing to as many as 23,000 deaths in the United States every year.Initially, McDonald’s ignored the requests of lobbyists to stop using these chicken. However, once people learned the effect of eating these chicken, they started avoiding McDonald’s. With a shrinking customer base and falling profits, McDonald’s finally announced that it was going to stop using chicken raised using antibiotics.What’s more, this boycott of McDonald’s had an impact on the wider market.Having seen what McDonald’s went through, companies like Costco Wholesale and KFC also stopped the use of chicken and other meats that had been reared using human antibiotics.OPT FOR EXPERIENCES INSTEAD OF THINGSA lot of time, people buy a lot of stuff because they feel that these things will make them happy or make them feel better.Someone will buy an extra dress or an extra pair of shoes not because they really need the dress or shoes, but because they think the new shoe or dress will make them feel better.Unfortunately, this kind of thinking fuels into the consumerist mentality that companies are feeding us so that we can keep producing whatever they produce.To bre ak from this cycle, we need to learn that happiness is not gotten from material stuff, but rather from experiences.Therefore, next time you need to spend money to make yourself happy, instead of going for an extra pair of shoe or a new electronic gadget, opt for an experience, such as traveling to a new place, visiting the museum, taking yourself or a loved one to a nice dinner, going to see a movie, and so on.Opting for experiences instead of material things reduces the need to keep buying stuff and more stuff while giving us better satisfaction than we would have gained from buying stuff.ASK YOURSELF IF YOU ALREADY HAVE SOMETHING ELSE YOU COULD USE IN ITS PLACEAnother factor that has contributed to the production of crappy products is the excessive specialization of products.For instance, if you go to the beauty section of a store, you will come across different soaps or lotions for using on different parts of the body, such as the face, the hands, the feet, or the body.Do you rea lly need four different lotions when you can use one lotion for your entire body? Do you need to purchase a banana slicer, an avocado slicer, and a tomato slicer, when you can perform all these tasks with a simple kitchen knife?This excessive specialization of products is simply a ploy by companies to make money off unnecessary products. Most of these products only have a marginal advantage over general purpose products.To avoid buying such unnecessary products, and therefore contributing to pollution and increase in greenhouse emissions, ask yourself if you have another product you can use in place of whatever product you are considering purchasing.Wherever possible, go for the practical product over the excessively specific product.WRAPPING UPToday, a lot of companies are producing a lot of crappy products that not only waste consumers’ money, but also contribute to the increasing amounts of waste and greenhouse emissions being generated.What consumers do not realize is that the y have the power to influence what companies produce.Since the sole aim of companies is to make profits, consumers can prevent companies from making products if only they stop buying crappy products.To stop buying crap and become more conscious about their purchasing decisions, consumers should only go for high quality products, consider whether they really need the product, do their research before making a purchase, limit their exposure to advertising, stop buying things simply because they are on “sale”, and give themselves a grace period before buying.As a consumer, you should also opt for ethical and eco-friendly products, opt for experiences over material stuff, and consider if you already have another product you could use in place of whatever it is you are thinking of buying.

Facts and Figures About the Cave Lion

The Eurasian cave lion (Panthera spelaea) is a species of lion that went extinct around 12,000 years ago. It was one of the largest species of a lion to have ever lived. Only its North American cousin, the extinct American lion (Panthera atrox), was bigger. Scientists believe the Eurasian cave lion was as much as 10% larger than the modern lion (Panthera leo). It was often depicted in cave paintings as having some kind of collar fluff and possibly stripes. Eurasian Cave Lion Basics Scientific Name:  Panthera leo spelaeaHabitat: Woodlands and mountains of EurasiaHistorical Period: Middle to late Pleistocene (approximately 700,000-12,000 years ago)Size and Weight: Up to 7 feet long (excluding the tail) and 700-800 poundsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Large size; powerful limbs; possibly manes and stripes Where Did It Live? One of the most ferocious predators of the late Pleistocene epoch, the Eurasian cave lion was a plus-sized cat that roamed a vast expanse of territory in Eurasia, Alaska, and part of northwestern Canada. It feasted on a wide array of mammalian megafauna, including prehistoric horses and prehistoric elephants. Why Is It Called a Cave Lion? The Eurasian cave lion was also a voracious predator of the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus); in fact, this cat received its name not because it lived in caves, but because numerous intact skeletons have been found in cave bear habitats. Eurasian cave lions preyed opportunistically on hibernating cave bears, which must have seemed like a good idea until their intended victims woke up. Why Did It Go Extinct? As is the case with many prehistoric predators, its unclear why the Eurasian cave lion vanished off the face of the Earth about 12,000 years ago. The cave lion population might have suffered due to the severe reduction of species it preyed upon. As the climate warmed, the cave lion’s habitat of wide-open spaces was shrinking as forest areas increased, putting severe pressure on the species. Human migration into Europe could also have played a role, as they would likely  have been competing with lions for the same prey.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Noteworthy Discoveries In 2015, researchers in Siberia made the astonishing discovery of two frozen Eurasian cave lion cubs. The cubs were determined to be up to 55,000 years old and were named Uyan and Dina. Another cub was discovered in 2017 in the same area of Siberia; it was about 8 weeks old when it died, and it is perfectly preserved. In 2018, a fourth cave lion cub was discovered in the Siberian permafrost, this one estimated to be about 30,000 years old. The cub’s body was well preserved with muscles and internal organs, including its heart, brain, and lungs, still intact. While its not uncommon for explorers to stumble across quick-frozen woolly mammoths, these are the first instances of prehistoric cats being found in permafrost. It may be possible to recover fragments of DNA from the cave cubs soft tissues to clone them, and that could one day facilitate the de-extinction of Panthera spelaea.

The Search for Destiny in The Epic of Gilgamesh, The...

The Search for Destiny in The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, and The Aeneid The search for destiny is reflected in the literary works such as The Epic of Gilgamesh, Homers The Odyssey, and Virgils The Aeneid. The hero of each story travels to the land of the dead in order to satisfy their individual needs. And even though each one has a different motive for the journey, they share two things in common. First, each hero seeks to know something about his future or destiny. And second, their finds are not exactly what they were looking for. The nature of the quests into the underworld by the heroes Gilgamesh, Odysseus, and Aeneas range from immortality, happiness, and the need to know he is doing the right things in life but†¦show more content†¦This courage to continue helps define Gilgamesh as a hero. After all Gilgamesh is a visionary and must continue his journey heroically (Norman, 213). Once in the far off underworld, Gilgamesh finds only Utnapishtim and his wife. Utnapishtim tells Gilgamesh about the flood and one time gift of immortality. Gilgamesh sleeps for six days and seven nights in Utnapistims residence. It is after this sleep that Gilgamesh sees the relationship between his dreamless sleep and death. He finally comes to realize there is no life after death. There is nothing. Even though Gilgamesh doesnt find exactly what he was looking for he does find and come to accept a different kind of immortality. Gilgamesh cant do anything about death but he can live his life to the fullest and be remembered as a great king. In other words, Gilgamesh has the continuation of fame as a legendary king(Thompson). He has the power to go back to his people to be a great role model and share his rebirthing experience. He learns that without death life is meaningless. On the other hand, the hero Odysseus travels to the underworld in search of happiness but instead finds grief. For Odysseus, happiness is his wife, Penelope, his son, Telemakhos, and his kingdom, Ithaca. And he believes the prophet, Teiresias, who like Utanpishtim resides in the underworld, can show him the way home. Like Gilgamesh, Odysseus journey into the underworld helps define him as a hero.Show MoreRelatedWhat Makes an Epic Hero Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is an epic hero? Although we would like to believe that a hero would always be there to save us as needed, that is not always the case. All heroes are different, but what makes them epic? Many would answer that question by saying because they are in an epic poem or story; however, that answer isn’t true. An epic hero, of course is in an epic narrative, but it is what they accomplish in that specific text. First, an epic hero has to make a grand journey and be in the Gods favor or shall we sayRead MoreJohn Milton s Paradise Lost2283 Words   |  10 Pageshumanity since time immemorial, and has been the only way of passing culture on to future generations for millennia. From this tradition, the Epic arose, tales of mighty heroes, gods, and monsters, told in the form of poems to convey ideals, beliefs, and traditions. Hundre ds of Epics have been written, and among them, many stand out, especially Virgil’s The Aeneid, Beowulf, and John Milton’s Paradise Lost, as they prove to be impactful and useful in the analysis of changes in the relationship between

Payroll Free Essays

Payroll In a company, payroll is the sum of all financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. Payroll plays a major role in a company for several reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Payroll or any similar topic only for you Order Now From an accounting perspective, payroll is crucial because payroll and payroll taxes considerably affect the net income of most companies and they are subject to laws and regulations. Definition of ‘Payroll’ The sum total of all compensation that a business must pay to its employees for a set period of time or on a given date. Payroll is usually managed by the accounting department of a business. Small-business payrolls may be handled directly by the owner or an associate. Investopedia explains ‘Payroll’ Payroll can also refer to the list of employees of a business and the amount of compensation that is due to each of them. Payroll Is a major expense for most businesses and Is almost always deductible as such. Payroll can differ from one pay period to another due to overtime, sick pay and other variables. The primary mission of the payroll department Is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct withholdings and deductions, and to ensure the withholdings and deductions are remitted In a timely manner. This includes salary payments, tax withholdings, and deductions from a paycheck. Companies typically generate their payrolls at regular Intervals, for the enefit of regular Income to their employees. The regularity of the Intervals varies from company to company, and sometimes between Job grades within a given company. Common payroll frequencies Include: dally, weekly, bl-weekly/fortnlghtly (once every two weeks), semi-monthly (twice per month), and to a somewhat lesser extent, monthly. Less common payroll frequencies Include: 4-weekly (13 times per year), bl-monthly (once every two months), quarterly (once every 13 weeks), semi- annually (twice per year), and annually. How to cite Payroll, Papers

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay Research free essay sample

The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay, Research Paper Tom SawyerWhen most people think of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, a image of a male child gloss overing a fencing dad into their caput. Tom Sawyer is one of the most good known books in the world.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is based mostly on it # 8217 ; s writer, Mark Twain, and his childhood. Mark Twain is a anonym for Samuel Clemens. Tom Sawyer is about a immature male child and his escapades. Twain # 8217 ; s memories make Tom and his escapades realistic. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri. Clemens # 8217 ; male parent, a attorney, died when Clemens was twelve. After his male parent # 8217 ; s decease, Clemens worked as a pressman # 8217 ; s learner. Later, Clemens worked as a pressman, and besides published narratives. He even became a riverboat captain, before he left to fall in the Confederate ground forces. After abandoning the ground forces, Clemens attempted Ag excavation, and, eventually, adopted the anonym, Mark Twain, while working at a newspaper. We will write a custom essay sample on The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Twain wrote for several newspapers. He married Olivia Langdon in 1870. Twain published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in 1875. Twain besides published many other Hagiographas. In Twain # 8217 ; s concluding old ages he wrote his autobiography. Twain died of bosom disease in 1910. Merely Twain # 8217 ; s girl, Clara, succeeded him.1 Twain # 8217 ; s boyhood in Hannibal, Missouri gave him the background for Tom Sawyer. The town of Hannibal was transformed into the town of St. Petersburg. Fictional characters were besides taken from Twain # 8217 ; s life, and written into the book. Many character # 8217 ; s were based of the Hannibal townspeople.2 Twain, in the foreword of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, wrote: # 8230 ; Most of the escapades recorded in this book really occurred ; one or two were experiences of my young person, the remainder those of male childs who were classmates of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life. Tom Sawyer, besides, but no from an single # 8211 ; he is a com bination of the features of three male childs whom I knew # 8230 ; .3 Tom Sawyer is chiefly based on Mark Twain, but he is besides based on two other people ; Twain # 8217 ; s friends, John Briggs and Will Bowen.4 Twain has stated that Huck is based on Tom Blankenship, a poor-white castaway, that lived in Hannibal.5 Clemens # 8217 ; mother, Clara, was Aunt Polly. Clemens # 8217 ; brother, Henry, is portrayed by Tom # 8217 ; s brother, Sid. The characters and topographic points in St. Petersburg like: Injun Joe, Tom # 8217 ; s pack, Becky Thatcher, the caves, and the island, are based on Clemens # 8217 ; childhood in Hannibal.6 Aunt Polly besides resembles Mrs. Parrington, a character from B.P. Shillaber # 8217 ; s newspaper serial.7 Tom # 8217 ; s adventures non merely derive from Twain # 8217 ; s memory and imaginativeness, but in parts, come from other books. The cemetery scene comes from Charles Dickens # 8217 ; A Tale of Two Cities. The hoarded wealth Hunt was taken f rom Poe # 8217 ; s narrative, # 8220 ; Goldbug # 8221 ; .8 The most popular illustration is of Cervante # 8217 ; s Don Quixote. John Lauber considers the relationship of Tom and Huck as # 8220 ; # 8230 ; The most originative version of Don Quixote on American literature # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; 9 Huck plays the realist, Sancho Panza, and Tom, the romantic Don Quixote. Huck doubts Tom # 8217 ; s phantasies of escapades, which were inspired by books.10 # 8220 ; # 8230 ; It was Twain # 8217 ; s mastermind to understand that the games Quixote played out of # 8220 ; madness # 8221 ; were, in fact, those played by kids with deathly earnestness # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; 11 Tom Sawyer contains a batch of folklore and superstitious notion. In the foreword of Tom Sawyer, Twain wrote, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; .The uneven superstitious notion touched upon were all prevalent among kids and slaves in the West at the period of this narrative # 8230 ; # 8221 ; 12 The usage of superstitious notion in Tom Sawyer is reliable, and sometimes grotesque. The superstitious notions and folklore pigment a image of the idyllic South.13 Twain wrote, under the rubric # 8220 ; superstitious notions # 8221 ; , half a twelve remedies for warts and lentigos or preventives of witchery. These notes were used in Tom Sawyer.14 Tom Sawyer is considered autobiographical fiction.The book is based on Twain # 8217 ; s memories, but is besides changed by his imagination.15 In Twain # 8217 ; s authorship, he utilized the American conversational linguistic communication. There are besides many idioms in Tom Sawyer. Twain meticulously chose his idioms and words.16 Tom Sawyer exhibits lucidity, accomplishment, and naturalness.17 Twain used ; # 8220 ; # 8230 ; hyperbole, hardy treverence, deadpan earnestness, droll cynicism, and a acrid commentary on the human state of affairs # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; Twain # 8217 ; s manner is careful and conscientious.18 He used American literary techniques like tal l narratives and exaggeration, which characterized Twain as a frontier humorist.19 Tom Sawyer is told in the 3rd individual narrative point of position. The narrative is narrated by an grownup from New England. Twain, after Tom Sawyer was published, felt he likely should hold written Tom Sawyer in first individual. Enunciation is one of Tom Sawyer # 8217 ; s mistakes. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; Language becomes a barrier between capable and reader, forestalling Twain # 8217 ; s audience from entertaining a Missouri childhood as if it were their ain # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; The linguistic communication makes Tom Sawyer seem mannerly, and is frequently excessively proper for the characters.20 Tom Sawyer is divided into three parts. The first portion is 10 chapter, the 2nd parts has ten chapters, and the last subdivision has 13 chapters. Each of these subdivisions is separated by an interchapter. In each subdivision the events happen easy and are really elaborate. The interchapters move really rapidly and with small item. Each subdivision is different because of it # 8217 ; s tone, the events in it, and it # 8217 ; s relatio nship to the theme.21 Twain called Tom Sawyer, â€Å"simply a anthem, put into prose signifier to give it a worldly air† . Critics call Tom Sawyer, â€Å"the history of a boy†22 and â€Å"a view of happy memory†23. â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a delicious book because it confirms the profoundest wants of the heart†.24 Twain’s authorship has influenced and earned the esteem of 20th century writers: Gertrude Stein, William Faulkner, and Ernest Hemingway.25 During the authorship, and after the completion of Tom Sawyer, Twain wasn’t certain whether Tom Sawyer was written for grownups or kids. Twain said, â€Å"‘It’s non a boy’s book at all. It will merely be read by grownups. It is written merely for adults.’†26 Twain besides â€Å"‘†¦saw his book as intended chiefly for the amusement of male childs and misss, ’ but he hoped that it would non be ’shunned by work forces and adult females on that history, for portion of my program has been to cheerily remind grownups of what they one time were themselves†¦.’†27 Though Twain wasn’t sure who he intended Tom Sawyer for, some critics believe, â€Å"†¦It should be read foremost and last for pleasance, foremost by kids so by adults†¦.†28 Twain knew many people in his life. The people who he had known are truly what makes Tom Sawyer great. Without these people Tom Sawyer would be empty. Tom Sawyer is besides influenced by Twain’s elaborate memory. Tom Sawyer could non hold been written by any other adult male. Twain is Tom Sawyer. Bibliography Atchity, Kenneth J. , # 8220 ; Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; 1,300 Critical Evaluations of Selected Novels and Plays, vol.4. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1978. Baldanza, Frank, Mark Twain. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc. , 1961. Conn, Peter, Literature in America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Fishkin, Shelley F. , Was Huck Black? . New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Gerber, John C. , Mark Twain. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988. Kaplan, Justin, Mr.Clemens and Mark Twain. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966. Lauber, John, The Making of Mark Twain. New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985. Leary, Lewis, Mark Twain. Minneapolis: University of Minneasota Press, 1960. Miller, Robert K. , Mark Twain. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. , 1983. Couple, Mark, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. New York: Airmont Publishing, 1962. Couple, Mark, Mark Twain: Mississippi Writings. New York: Literary Classicss of the UnitedStates, 1982. # 8220 ; The Adventure s of Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; Masterpieces of World Literature. New ork: Harper and RowPub. , 1989. # 8220 ; Mark Twain, # 8221 ; Cyclopedia of World Authors, vol.2. New York: Salem Press, 1959. 1Robert K. Miller, Mark Twain ( New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. , 1983 ) , pp. 1-32. 2John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985 ) , pp.17-18. 3Mark Couple, Mark Twain: Mississippi Writings ( New York: Literary Classicss of teh UnitedStates, Inc. , 1982 ) , p.3. 4Frank Baldanza, Mark Twain ( New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc.,1961 ) , p.106. 5Shelley F. Fishkin, Was Huck Black? ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1993 ) , p.3. 6Frank Baldanza, Mark Twain ( New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc.,1961 ) , p106. 7Shelley F. Fishkin, Was Huck Black? ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1993 ) , p.38. 8John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985 ) , p.19. 9John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: Amer ican Heritage Press, Inc.,1985 ) , p.80. 10John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985 ) , p.19. 11 # 8243 ; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; Masterpieces of World Literature, ( New York: Harper andRow Pub. , 1989 ) , p.12. 12Mark Couple, Mark Twain: Mississipi Writings ( New York: Literary Classicss of the UnitedStates, Inc. , 1982 ) , p.3. 13John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985 ) , p18. 14John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985 ) , p.120. 15John Lauber, The Making of Mark Twain ( New York: American Heritage Press, Inc. , 1985 ) , p.18. 16Peter Conn, Literature in America ( New York: CAmbridge University Press,1989 ) , p250. 17Frank Baldanza, Mark Twain ( New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc. , 1961 ) , p.103. 18 # 8243 ; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; Masterpieces of World Literature, ( New York: Harper andRow Pub. , 1989 ) , p.12 . 19David S. Reynolds, Beneath the American Renaissance ( Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard UniversityPress, 1989 ) , p.157. 20Robert K. Miller, Mark Twain ( New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. , 1983 ) , p.75.21Frank Baldanza, Mark Twain ( New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc. , 1961 ) , p.103. 22 # 8243 ; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; Masterpieces of World Literature, ( New York: Harper andRow Pub. , 1989 ) , p12. 23Kenneth J. Atchity, # 8220 ; Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; 1,300 Critical Evaluations of Selected Novels andPlays, vol.4, ( Enlewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1978 ) , p.2289. 24Frank Baldanza, Mark Twain ( New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc. , 1961 ) , p.103. 25 # 8243 ; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; Masterpieces of World Literature, ( New York: Harper andRow Pub. , 1989 ) , p.12. 26 # 8243 ; The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; Masterpieces of World Literature, ( New York: Harper and Row Pub. , 1989 ) , p.13. 27Robert K. Miller, Mark Twain ( New York: Frederi ck Ungar Publishing Co. , 1983 ) , p66. 28Kenneth J. Atchity, # 8220 ; Tom Sawyer, # 8221 ; 1,300 Critical Evaluations of Selected Novels andPlays, vol. 4, ( Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1978 ) , p.2289.

Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses

Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses An independent clause (also known as a main clause) is a word group that has both a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause (also known as a subordinate clause) is a word group that has both a subject and a verb but cant stand alone as a sentence. A sentence may consist of a single independent clause, multiple independent clauses linked by a conjunction, or a combination of independent and dependent clauses. The key to distinguishing a dependent clause is this: a dependent clause adds information to the independent clause. Perhaps it gives context about time, place, or identity, perhaps it answers why? the action in the independent/main clause is happening, perhaps it clarifies something from the main clause. Whatever the case may be, the information contained in that clause is in support of the the main clause. This exercise will help you recognize the difference between an independent clause and a dependent clause. Instructions: For each item below, write independent if the group of words is an independent clause or dependent if the group of words is a dependent clause. The details in this exercise have been loosely adapted from the essay Bathing in a Borrowed Suit, by Homer Croy. ____________________I went to the beach last Saturday____________________I borrowed an old bathing suit from a friend____________________because I had forgotten to bring my own bathing suit____________________while the waist on my borrowed suit would have been tight on a doll____________________my friends were waiting for me to join them____________________when suddenly they stopped talking and looked away____________________after some rude boys came up and began to make insulting remarks____________________I abandoned my friends and ran into the water____________________my friends invited me to play in the sand with them____________________although I knew that I had to come out of the water eventually____________________a large dog chased me down the beach____________________as soon as I got out of the water Answers independentindependentdependentdependentindependentdependentdependentindependentindependentdependentindependentdependent

Understanding Delphi Class (and Record) Helpers

Understanding Delphi Class (and Record) Helpers A feature of the Delphi language added some years ago (way back in in Delphi 2005) called Class Helpers is designed to let you add new functionality to an existing class (or a record) by introducing new methods to the class (record). Below youll see some more ideas for class helpers learn when to and when not to use class helpers. Class Helper For... In simple words, a class helper is a construct that extends a class by introducing new methods in the helper class. A class helper allows you to extend existing class without actually modifying it or inheriting from it. To extend the VCLs TStrings class you would declare and implement a class helper like the following: type TStringsHelper class helper for TStrings public function Contains(const aString : string) : boolean; end; The above class, called TStringsHelper is a class helper for the TStrings type. Note that TStrings is defined in the Classes.pas, a unit that is by default available in the uses clause for any Delphi forms unit, for example. The function were adding to the TStrings type using our class helper is Contains. The implementation could look like: function TStringsHelper.Contains(const aString: string): boolean; begin result : -1 IndexOf(aString); end; Im certain youve used the above many times in your code - to check if some TStrings descendant, like TStringList, has some string value in its Items collection. Note that, for example, the Items property of a TComboBox or a TListBox is of the TStrings type. Having the TStringsHelper implemented, and a list box on a form (named ListBox1), you can now check if some string is a part of the list box Items property by using: if ListBox1.Items.Contains(some string) then ... Class Helpers Go and NoGo The implementation of class helpers has some positive and some (you might think of) negative impacts to your coding. In general you should avoid extending your own classes - as if you need to add some new functionality to your own custom classes - add the new stuff in the class implementation directly - not using a class helper. Class helpers are therefore more designed to extend a class when you cannot (or do not need to) rely on normal class inheritance and interface implementations. A class helper cannot declare instance data, like new private fields (or properties that would read/write such fields). Adding new class fields is allowed. A class helper can add new methods (function, procedure). Before Delphi XE3 you could only extend classes and records - complex types. From Delphi XE 3 release you can also extend simple types like integer or string or TDateTime, and have construct like: var s : string; begin s : Delphi XE3 helpers; s : s.UpperCase.Reverse; end; Ill write about Delphi XE 3 simple type helper in the near future. Wheres MY Class Helper One limitation to using class helpers that might help you shoot yourself in the foot is the fact that you can define and associate multiple helpers with a single type. However, only zero or one helper applies in any specific location in source code. The helper defined in the nearest scope will apply. Class or record helper scope is determined in the normal Delphi fashion (for example, right to left in the units uses clause). What this means is that you might define two TStringsHelper class helpers in two different units but only one will apply when actually used! If a class helper is not defined in the unit where you use its introduced methods - which in most cases will be so, you do not know what class helper implementation you would actually be using. Two class helpers for TStrings, named differently or residing in different units might have different implementation for the Contains method in the above example. Use Or Not? Yes, but be aware of the possible side effects. Heres another handy extension to the above mentioned TStringsHelper class helper TStringsHelper class helper for TStrings private function GetTheObject(const aString: string): TObject; procedure SetTheObject(const aString: string; const Value: TObject); public property ObjectFor[const aString : string]: TObject read GetTheObject write SetTheObject; end; ... function TStringsHelper.GetTheObject(const aString: string): TObject; var idx : integer; begin result : nil; idx : IndexOf(aString); if idx -1 then result : Objects[idx]; end; procedure TStringsHelper.SetTheObject(const aString: string; const Value: TObject); var idx : integer; begin idx : IndexOf(aString); if idx -1 then Objects[idx] : Value; end; If youve been adding objects to a string list, you can guess when to use the above handy helper property.

Role Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Role Models - Essay Example â€Å"Role models demonstrate their commitment to a desired goal and are willing to invest the necessary time and effort to achieve success† (Silver). â€Å"In order for role models to be influential, they must show respect for others† (Silver). â€Å"Role models inspire other with an upbeat, optimistic outlook on life† (Silver). Summary of the article-The article is by Rebecca Morrison who claims that individuals are still susceptible to the influence of others, and especially their friends regardless of their age, strength, independence, or centeredness. The influence of others comes in various forms and can be specific, general, or indirect. Occasional and small negative habits viewed in one’s friend can erode and become sustained in the individual’s life too. It is hard for an individual to recognize that his or her friend is the one negatively impacting their life as they care about them. For one to understand the impact of negative friendship in their life, they need to step back and have a look at their actions and analyze how their life has been impacted negatively. It is possible to make positive change after identifying the negative impact. The changes that need to be made may either be dramatic or simple adjustment. Main ideas- friends with negative habits are capable of influencing one’s life. For one to understand the negative influence a relationship has on them, they need to step back and analyze. If negative behavior is key to the sustainability of a friendship, there is need for the friendship to end for one to lead a healthy life. Additional notes: the author suggests that there is need to evaluate the impact that friendships have own one’s individual behavior. If the influence is negative, there is need to undertake some changes for the benefit of the individual’s life. Summary of the article- the article is written by Susan Krauss Whitbourne. The article

Carnivals readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Carnivals readings - Essay Example Every social position within a society has sacred attributes, and such attributes are only gained through a rite of passage from one position to the other. The role of liminality is not to simply confer the sacred state of the social positions, but rather to act as the bond that unites society in its different levels and structures. Liminality acts as a bond without which there could be no society, since there could be no high, unless the low existed, while no society could be complete even without the social class like the hippies, who do not observe the rites of passage, but still demonstrate the requisite liminality behaviors (Turner, 1969:370). The state of the rite of passage represents a moment in life during which the lesser in society wields more power than the individuals who are well endowed politically, economically and socially, since the weakness dominates greatness during the rite of passage, denoted by the words, â€Å"Even if your child is a chief’s son, tomor row he will be like a slave†, words spoken to mothers on the day before the initiation of their children (Turner, 1969:367). The relevance of the rights of passage within a society is that; the rites of passage serve as the bridge through which men are released from structure into communitas, and will only go back to structure after their experience of the communitas (Turner, 1969:373). The characteristics of liminality include: humility, passivity, nakedness and expression of the power of the weak, where the weak in society are the powerful in rituals, because they are the ones who administer them to the well-endowed, and those seeking to rise into a position of power in the society (Turner, 1969:368). The difference between communitas and community is that; communitas refer to the social bond created by the socio-cultural systems of rites of passage to bond the society together and makes

Henry James The Wings of the Dove Essay -- Henry James Wings Dove Ess

Henry James' The Wings of the Dove This paper will present briefly Henry James and his thoughts about the art of fiction that is presented by his same titled essay before thoroughly analyzing his novel: The Wings of the Dove. James’ ideas on his article The Art of Fiction will be applied to The Wings of the Dove and the narrative style that he uses will be indicated by certain quotations taken from the novel. James had read classics of English, American, French, and German literature and Russian classics in translation. His models were Dickens, Balzac, and Hawthorne. Then, there is a harness of French, British, and American culture in his works. His first novel, Watch and Ward (1871) was written while he was travelling through Venice and Paris. James wrote novels that portrayed Americans living abroad during his first years in Europe. He is a very important literary figure both in American and British culture. However, he loves Europe and this fact gives us a clue about his interest in different cultures that come out as American characters traveling abroad in most of his novels. James’ approach to the civilization is presented as: Henry James, at the other extreme, never ceased to regard America as essentially an outlying region of European, more specifically of Anglo-Saxon, civilization . . . Henry James was a patriot to his race, and his final transfer of citizenship, though immediately called forth by his sense of America’s procrastination in the World War, was but the outward sign of a temperamental repatriation already complete.1 In fact, the outbreak of World War I was a shock for James and in July 1915 he became a British citizen in protest against the U.S.’ refusal to enter the war. He was sensitive on n... ...elham. The Art of the Novel. New York: Russell &Russell, 1966. Forster, E.M. Roman SanatÄ ±. Trans.ÃÅ"nal Aytà ¼r. Ä °stanbul: Adam YayÄ ±nlarÄ ±, 1985. Introductory Notes on Henry James . 14 Dec 2001 . Michalski, Robert. â€Å"Spirit and Material Possession in the Supernatural Fiction of Henry James†. 14 Dec 2001 . Myers, Cathleen. Rev. of â€Å"Washington Square and Wings of the Dove†. 7 Nov 2001 . Wagenknecht, Edward. The Novels of Henry James. New York: Frederick Ungar, 1983. Zervos, Kathry. â€Å"The Subtext of Violance in Henry James’ The Wings of the Dove: The Sacrificial Crisis†. 21 Nov 2001 . . .

Communication Topic Paper

Overcoming Diversity Barriers in Effective Communication Larry Rankin II HUB 640 National University Abstract Utilizing effective communication is becoming increasingly important as groups are becoming more diverse and varied across cultural barriers. The problems that face each person, community, and each country cannot be solved without global cooperation and Joint action. Changes in the world economy, transportation and communication are resulting in increased interdependence among individuals, groups, organizations, communities and societies.With these changes, individuals must find ways to effectively interact and communicate with one another. In Walt Disney's Beauty and the Beast, young Belle risks all and sacrifices her own freedom to save the life of her father's, by living in the enchanted castle with the Beast. Although initially fearful of the Beast and horrified by his monstrous appearance, Belle is able to change her perception of him and becomes drawn to kind and sensit ive nature.Ultimately the story ends in the â€Å"happily ever after† frame, but one of the key elements that remain in the mind of the audience is the idea of overcoming diversity in a relationship. One reason Beauty and the Beast retains its popularity is because this idea strikes a familiar chord within many members of the audience. Often individuals find themselves initially repelled by unfamiliarity, and then later becoming very close with the same premises and concepts that once seemed so foreign.The moral of this children's tale shines through when we look at communication across cultures, whether in small or large groups. The diversity that exists among individuals creates an opportunity for both positive and negative outcomes when these individuals come together in groups to achieve a goal or complete a task Monsoon ; Johnson, 1989). More specifically, diversity among group members can result in beneficial consequences, such as increased achievement and productivity, creative problem solving, and growth in cognitive and moral reasoning.To the contrary, diversity among group members can also result in harmful consequences, such as lower achievement and productivity, close-minded rejection of new information, increased egocentrics, prejudice, stereotyping and racism. The pathway of diversity is ultimately determined by the willingness of the group members to utilize effective communication to propel the needs of the group as a whole while respecting the culture and diversity of its individual members (p. 461). Diversity among group members is an important resource that can be utilized to improve the group's productivity.While doing so may not be easy, it is important to understand that there are a number of barriers to effective interactions with culturally diverse groups. These include stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination, he tendency to blame the victim, and cultural clashes. Stereotypes Stereotypes can be found everywhere, and everyone h as them. Stereotypes are a product of the way the mind stores, organizes, and recalls information. They are used to describe differences among groups and to predict how others will behave.They reduce complexities, assist in making quick decisions, fill in gaps of what is known, and help to recognize patterns needed to draw conclusions. In modern thought, stereotypes are defined as â€Å"a belief that associates a whole group of people with certain traits. Stereotypes are (1) cognitive; (2) reflect a set of related beliefs rather than isolated behaviors; (3) describe attributes, personalities, and characters so that groups can be compared and differentiated; and are shared by individuals and groups holding them (Cashmere &Del Boca, 1979).Prejudice and Discrimination To be prejudiced meaner, literally, to prejudge, however, prejudice can be defined as an unjustified negative attitude toward a person based solely on that individual's membership in a group other than one's own. Stereot ypes taken to extremes, restudies are Judgments made about others that establish a superiority/inferiority belief system. If one person dislikes another simply because that other is identified with a different ethnic group, sex, religion, socio-economic status, or creed, then prejudice is present (Lopper, 1954).Ethnocentrism is the tendency to regard one's own ethnic group, nation, religion, or culture as better or more â€Å"correct† than others. When ethnocentrism is present, the standards and values of our culture are used as a yardstick to measure the worth of other ethnic groups. Ethnocentrism is often perpetuated by cultural conditioning. As children, individuals are raised to fit a into a particular culture, and conditioned to respond to various situations in similar ways that are modeled by the adults (Rotary, Evans, ; Fuller, 1979). Racism is a prejudice directed at people because of their race, or ethnic membership.Although scientific evidence indicates that only on e human race exists, with many variations, various other people assume that biological differences exist as evidenced by physical appearances. Race has taken on a social meaning, suggesting one's status within the social construct. This status structure introduces power preferences as people of different constructs interact with one another (Steele & Aaron's, 1995). When prejudice is acted upon, it is discrimination. Discrimination is an action taken to harm a group or any of its members. It is a negative, and often aggressive action aimed at the target of the prejudice.Discrimination is aimed at denying members of the targeted groups treatment and opportunities equal to those afforded to the dominant group. To reduce prejudices, use of stereotypes, and potential to discriminate, the following steps may be utilized Monsoon ; Johnson, 1999): 1) admit to having prejudices (everyone does; there are no exceptions) and commit to reducing them; 2) Identify the stereotypes that reflect the presence of prejudices and feedback from diverse friends and colleagues about how well the value and respect for diversity are being communicated.Blaming the victim Many people believe the world is Just a place where individuals â€Å"get what they deserve†, (I. E. Winning the lotto is a result of being a nice person who deserves some good luck, or being robbed is the result of being careless and is punishment for past misdeeds). The question arises then, â€Å"what happens when the situations appear unjust? † One method that is utilized and present in much of the communications between individuals is to blame the victim by convincing the self, that no injustice actually occurred.Victims of prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination are often seen as â€Å"having done something wrong. † Blaming the victim occurs when the cause of discrimination or misfortune is attributed to the personal characteristics of the victim (Hellhole, 1994). Culture Clash Another com mon barrier to effective communications across divers cultures is the dead of cultural clash. Cultural clashes are conflicts over basic values that occur when members of minority groups question the values of the majority.Common reaction by majority group members when their values are being questioned are feeling: 1) Threatened: their responses include avoidance, denial, and defensiveness; 2) Confused: their responses include seeking more information in an attempt to redefine the problem; 3) Enhanced: their responses include heightened anticipation, awareness, and positive actions that lead to solving the problem (Outsold, 1991). Many cultural clashes develop in and between groups.These clashes range from threatening to confusing to enhancing, and when handled appropriately, these clashes are another form of conflict and they can serve as learning experiences rather than barriers. In our increasingly global community, highly diverse individuals interact daily, studying, working, and playing together in small groups. Rapidly growing global interdependence and the increasing emphasis on teamwork have resulted in groups with quite diverse membership.Diversity among members is no longer exceptional or optional; it is the everyday rule. Individuals are expected to interact effectively and utilize appropriate communication skills among people with a variety of characteristics and backgrounds. Doing so has many advantages, including increased group productivity on a variety of tasks. Heterogeneity in groups also increases the difficulty of developing cohesive relationships among its members and increases the potential for conflict among members.For group members to capitalize on their differences, a high level of cultural competence and awareness must be implemented into the daily communications, to ensure that a high level of positive interdependence exists among group members. This can be accomplished by using communication to create a subordinates group identity b ased on a pluralistic set of values, enabling members to gain sophistication about the differences among members through personal relationships that have sufficient trust to allow for candid discussions Monsoon ;Johnson, 2005).

Steroids Essay - 1820 Words

Steroids Win, win, win thats what its all about. Being the best and wining at all cost, no matter what it takes. In recent years, athletic competition has intensified to the point that increasing numbers of athletes are striving to upgrade their performances with the desire to be recognized as the best. Because players want to play, coaches want to win, and spectators demand to be entertained, the game is no longer about dreams, discipline, and competing, it is about illusions, deception, and winning. And no price is too great to pay to win. Although many athletes reach their goals through traditional methods, significant numbers are including pharmacologic shortcuts in their training programs. Increasing numbers of athletes†¦show more content†¦When the Russian weightlifting team thanks, in part, to synthetic testosterone-walked off with a pile of medals at the 1952 Olympics, an American physician determined that U.S. competitors should have the same advantage. By the 1958 a U.S. pharmaceutical firm had developed anabolic steroids. Although the physician soon realized the drug had unwanted side effects, it was too late to halt its spread into the sports world. The first users of anabolic steroids were mainly bodybuilders, weightlifters, football players, and track and fiel d athletes who relied heavily on bulk and strength. In the 1970s and 80s other sports sought the competitive edge that these steroid were thought to have and later the black market flourished for the illegal production of this harmful and even deadly drug. The assumptions of these users were that they heard it would make them more aggressive and also give them that extra power they need to win or exceed. Anabolic steroids enable athletes in certain sports to build up muscle tissue during training more quickly than in training without drugs. (Tschirgi 1992). Clinical records have shown that the use of anabolic steroids and rigorous physical training along with a high protein diet will enhance muscle growth. So in short anabolic steroids speeds up this process which in turn will help enhances muscle growth. Todays society hear the messages fromShow MoreRelatedSteroid Use Of Bodybuilding And Steroids889 Words   |  4 PagesSteroid Use in Bodybuilding Chayla Vines Clover Park Technical College Abstract [The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don’t use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tabRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Steroids Use1525 Words   |  7 Pagesbeans and hype (Steroids and their). 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